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Pediatric Urology

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Pediatric Urology
Open Access
Isoflavone Intake in Early Pregnancy and Hypospadias in the Japan Environment and Children's Study
Urology
Vol. 124p229–236Published online: November 14, 2018
- Takehiro Michikawa
- Shin Yamazaki
- Masaji Ono
- Tatsuo Kuroda
- Shoji F. Nakayama
- Eiko Suda
- and others
Cited in Scopus: 8
To explore the association between isoflavone intake in early pregnancy (the critical window of masculinisation) and hypospadias. Since oestrogen is likely to contribute to the differentiation of male external genitalia, dietary intake of isoflavone, which has a similar structure to human oestrogen, may be associated with the occurrence of hypospadias. However, there has been little evidence of this association.