Prescriptions for testosterone therapy (TT) to treat testosterone deficiency have
increased in recent years. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the risks of
several treatment modalities to better counsel patients. Both short-acting and long-acting
TT has been shown to restore normal serum testosterone levels and improve symptoms
of testosterone deficiency. Short-acting pharmacology mimics normal physiology more
closely than long-acting TT but requires multiple doses per day. Long-acting TT has
a higher rate of patient adherence but is more likely to create supraphysiologic serum
testosterone and pathologic sequelae.
Abbreviations:
TT (Testosterone Therapy), T (Testosterone), IM (Intramuscular), SQ (Subcutaneous)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 27, 2022
Accepted:
November 15,
2022
Received:
August 17,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Journal Pre-ProofFootnotes
Financial Disclosure: The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests.
Declarations of interest: None.
Funding: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01 DK130991-01.
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