Abstract
Objectives
To report the clinical characteristics of patients who were incidentally diagnosed
as renal pelvic tumor during or after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL).
Methods
The profiles of about 8,000 patients who underwent PNL in our center from 2011 to
2021 were retrospectively reviewed, 6 patients were diagnosed with renal pelvic tumor
during or after PNL. Clinical data of these six patients were collected and summarized.
Results
Four males and two females with the average age of 59 years were researched. Chief
complaints included loin pain, gross hematuria, and wound infection after PNL. Two
patients had a definite long history of stones. Urinary tract infection occurred in
5 patients and all six patients had gross hematuria or microscopic hematuria. CT images
revealed severe hydronephrosis in 4 patients and moderate hydronephrosis in 2 patients.
Both staghorn and multiple stones were separately seen in 3 patients. Five patients
were diagnosed with renal pelvic urothelial carcinoma via biopsy during PNL. One patient
was diagnosed as renal pelvic tumor with extensive invasion by postoperative CT scan
and received palliative treatment. Of two patients underwent radical surgery, one
patient obtained long survival, one patient received endoscopic tumor resection and
also obtained long survival. Two patients underwent renal artery embolization, one
patient was still alive after 22 months, the other patient showed tumor growth in
3 weeks.
Conclusions
The possibility of renal pelvic tumor should be considered in stone patients with
several risk factors including elder age, long history of stones, complicated stones,
hydronephrosis especially pyonephrosis, obvious hematuria etc.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to UrologyAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- EAU guidelines on interventional treatment for urolithiasis.Eur Urol. 2016; 69: 475-482
- European guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinomas: 2013 update.Eur Urol. 2013; 63: 1059-1071
- A population-based study on the association between urinary calculi and kidney cancer.Can Urol Assoc J. 2013; 7: E716-E721
- A high association of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma with nonfunctioning kidney caused by stone disease in Taiwan.Urol Int. 2007; 79: 19-23
- Stones associated renal pelvic malignancies.Indian J Cancer. 2003; 40: 108-112
- Renal pelvic carcinoma associated with renal stone.Chin J Urol. 2013; 34: 485-488
- Urothelial cancer of the renal pelvis in percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients.Urol Int. 2005; 75: 17-20
- Laparoscopic nephrectomy for giant staghorn calculus with non-functioning kidneys: is associated unsuspected urothelial carcinoma responsible for conversion? Report of 2 cases.BMC Urol. 2006; 6: 1
- Renal stone-associated squamous cell carcinoma and pyelo-colo-duodenal fistula.Urology. 2008; 72: 1013
- Transitional cell carcinoma within a calyceal diverticulum associated with stone disease.Rev Urol. 2010; 12: 52-55
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis associated with kidney stones: a case report.Med Oncol. 2011; 28: S392-S394
- Squamous cell carcinoma of kidney co-existing with renal calculi: a rare tumour.BMJ Case Rep. 2011; 2011
- Invasive urothelial carcinoma within a calyceal diverticulum associated with renal stones: a case report.Oncol Lett. 2015; 10: 2439-2441
- Renal calculus complicated with squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis: report of two cases.Can Urol Assoc J. 2015; 9: E310-E312
- Primary squamous cell carcinoma of kidney associated with large calculus in non-functioning kidney: a case report.Urol Case Rep. 2016; 8: 4-06
- Unsuspected malignancy during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: the snake in the grass.J Endourol Case Rep. 2016; 2: 184-188
- Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis masquerading as emphysematous pyelonephritis with staghorn calculus.J Endourol Case Rep. 2016; 2: 87-89
- Nephrectomy for infected stag horn calculus confounded by the presence of squamous cell carcinoma.BMJ Case Rep. 2017; 2017
- Primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of kidney associated with multiple stag horn stones.Int Med Case Rep J. 2020; 13: 261-263
- Renal squamous cell carcinoma with staghorn calculus.Case Rep Oncol. 2020; 13: 403-407
- Advanced renal pelvic carcinoma revealed after treatment of a staghorn calculus by endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery.Case Rep Urol. 2020; 20209703479
- Rare squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney with concurrent xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a case report and review of the literature.Open Med (Wars). 2021; 16: 128-133
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis manifesting after percutaneous nephrolithotomy for long standing calculus.Int Urol Nephrol. 2004; 36: 149-151
- Incidence of renal carcinoma in non-functioning kidney due to renal pelvic stone disease.Mol Clin Oncol. 2015; 3: 941-943
- Risk of urinary tract cancers following kidney or ureter stones.J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997; 89: 1453-1457
- Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in human carcinogenesis.Int J Cancer. 2007; 121: 2381-2386
- The expanded use of percutaneous resection for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a 30-year comprehensive experience.J Endourol. 2016; 30: 262-267
- Endoscopic management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.J Endourol. 2018; 32: S10-S16
- Diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of renal pelvis accompanied with kidney stones.Chin J Urol. 2010; 31: 81-83
- A urine-based liquid biopsy method for detection of upper tract urinary carcinoma.Front Oncol. 2020; 10597486
Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 23, 2022
Accepted:
September 5,
2022
Received:
May 2,
2022
Footnotes
Disclosures: The authors declare that they have no conflict of Interest.
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
