Nitrous oxide (N2O) is underutilized in ambulatory urology. Here, we review available data regarding
application, efficacy, and side effect profile of N2O in ambulatory urologic procedures. Data were available from 11 studies. N2O has been described in the setting of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies,
flexible cystoscopy, ureteral stent placement, and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
in adult patients and catheterization in children. Studies showed significant improvements
in peri-procedural pain and anxiety relative to alternative (or none) forms of analgesia.
Adverse effects were rare and self-limited. More widespread use of N2O may result in cost savings and better patient tolerance with outpatient procedures.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 19, 2020
Accepted:
May 10,
2020
Received:
March 19,
2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
