Urology
Volume 69, Issue 3 , Pages 495-499 , March 2007

Upgrading and Downgrading of Prostate Needle Biopsy Specimens: Risk Factors and Clinical Implications

  • Stephen J. Freedland

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
    • Division of Urologic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pathology and Duke Prostate Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Stephen J. Freedland, M.D., Division of Urology, Box 3850 DUMC, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710.
    • ,
  • Christopher J. Kane

      Affiliations

    • Urology Section, Department of Surgery, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
    • Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Christopher L. Amling

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
    • Department of Urology, San Diego Naval Hospital, San Diego, California
    • ,
  • William J. Aronson

      Affiliations

    • Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
    • Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Martha K. Terris

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Augusta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
    • Section of Urology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
    • ,
  • Joseph C. Presti Jr

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
    • Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California
    • ,
  • SEARCH Database Study Group

Received 19 May 2006 ,Accepted 24 October 2006.

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 This study was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, National Institutes of Health grant R01CA100938 (W.J. Aronson), National Institutes of Health Specialized Programs of Research Excellence grant P50 CA92131-01A1 (W. J. Aronson), the Georgia Cancer Coalition (M. K. Terris), Department of Defense, Prostate Cancer Research Program (S. J. Freedland), and the American Urological Association Foundation/Astellas Rising Star in Urology Award (S. J. Freedland).

 The views and opinions of, and endorsements by the authors do not reflect those of the U.S. Army or the U.S. Department of Defense.

PII: S0090-4295(06)02450-2

doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.10.036

Urology
Volume 69, Issue 3 , Pages 495-499 , March 2007

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